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QUESTION : What is the difference between models M1 and M1A1 TSMGs and which is better?
ANSWER: An M1 and M1A1 are virtually identical with the only real difference being the bolt assemblies. The M1 has a bolt that incorporates a firing pin, firing pin spring, hammer and hammer pin mechanism similar to the 1921 and 1928 guns. The M1A1 bolt deleted all those parts and simply has the firing pin machined onto the bolt face. The shank at the front end of the M1A1 bolt is also slightly longer than that on the M1. The two bolt assemblies are interchangeable. Substituting one for the other changes the gun model.
The M1 bolt cannot detonate a cartridge until it closes completely against the front end of the bolt cavity which is what drives the hammer. The M1A1 bolt with its longer shank is stopped by the cartridge. Whenever a cartridge stops moving forward, the M1A1 bolt detonates it.
The two models operate identically for the most part. Because the M1A1 bolt is stopped by the cartridge, a slightly longer cartridge or a little dirt in the chamber or a primer set slightly too deep in the shell case, will still be detonated by the M1A1 bolt whereas the M1 bolt may not detonate the cartridge.
Which is better depends on your point of view. The fewer parts in the M1A1 bolt means fewer parts to break which adds to reliability, fewer parts needed to be stocked and the gun fires more reliably than the M1. That appeals to the military. But, the downside is less safety. Since the M1A1 bolt will detonate a cartridge when ever the cartridge stops moving forward, an obstruction in the chamber can result in a dangerous blast of brass fragments and gas blowing out the ejection port and a noise that will deafen the shooter and everyone else close by.
In my opinion, the M1A1 is the only way to go for the military which doesn’t have safety as its primary concern. But for the civilian shooter where safety is the primary concern, the M1 is the better choice.
"The best way to improve the AR-15 is to unscrew the front sight, and put a new gun under it."
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